System for personalized indoor microclimates

ABSTRACT

A network of wireless remote climate sensors in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system permits the creation of personalized microclimates within an enclosed space. In addition to collecting temperature and humidity data, the wireless remote climate sensors can detect whether the enclosed space is occupied by a human. Human detection is made possible by optional cameras, microphones, and gas sensors on the wireless remote climate sensors. As the human moves throughout the enclosed space, the HVAC system is able to track the human&#39;s movement using the wireless remote climate sensors. The HVAC system may adjust airflow to different portions of the enclosed space based on the human&#39;s location. The result is an efficient use of system resources to keep users at their ideal temperature.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/661,577 filed Oct. 23, 2019, by Keith R. Mowery et al., and entitled“SYSTEM FOR PERSONALIZED INDOOR MICROCLIMATES,” which claims priorityProvisional Application No. 62/749,963 filed Oct. 24, 2018, by Keith R.Mowery entitled, “WIRELESS REMOTE INDOOR SENSOR FOR HOME AUTOMATION,”which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates generally to generally to heating, ventilation,and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and methods of their use. Morespecifically, this disclosure relates to a wireless remote indoor sensorfor HVAC automation.

BACKGROUND

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are used toregulate environmental conditions within an enclosed space. A thermostatmay connect to one or more HVAC units to move, cool, or heat air.Decisions on whether to increase or decrease airflow were traditionallymade based on a temperature reading at the thermostat. Because airflowwas increased or decreased throughout the system based on a temperaturereading in only one isolated area of the enclosed space, hot or coolspots developed in other areas of the enclosed space. Dampers wereintroduced to restrict air flow to individual rooms to help remedy thisshortcoming. However, damper users had to manually adjust the dampers ineach room.

Automated dampers were eventually introduced. These automated damperscould include a temperature sensor to help provide a more accuratepicture of local temperatures throughout a HVAC system. While animprovement over HVAC systems that make air flow decisions based on asingle temperature reading at the thermostat, there are severalshortcomings in HVAC systems making heating and cooling decisions basedon a network of damper-associated sensors. This approach still gives avague picture of the temperature map within the enclosed space. Forexample, a room in a house may only have a single damper. The singlesensor cannot illustrate temperature imbalances across the room.Additionally, the location of the sensor at the damper is moreaccurately describing the temperature of the air exiting the damperrather than the ambient temperature that will be felt by occupants ofthe room. These factors result in air flow decisions that can exacerbatehot and cool spots in the enclosed space.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

In an embodiment, a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)system includes a network of wireless remote climate sensors to developa complete heat map of an enclosed space. The remote climate sensor isconfigured to collect temperature and humidity data on a zone of theenclosed space. The HVAC system uses a network of these sensors toobtain data points across the enclosed space. The resulting heat map isused by the HVAC system to determine where to direct air in the enclosedspace. By comparing the temperature and humidity at a specific remoteclimate sensor with the user's desired temperature and humidity, theHVAC system can decide whether to increase or decrease the air flowthrough a variable damper that is located near the remote climatesensor. By conducting this analysis throughout the enclosed space andmaking incremental adjustments to the air flow in hot and cold spots inthe enclosed space, the disclosed HVAC system provides even comfort tothe user along with reduced energy consumption.

The integration of the wireless remote climate sensors with an HVACsystem also permits the creation of personalized microclimates withinthe enclosed space. In addition to collecting temperature and humiditydata, the wireless remote climate sensors can detect whether theenclosed space is occupied by a human. Human detection is made possibleby optional cameras, microphones, and gas sensors on the wireless remoteclimate sensors. As the human moves throughout the enclosed space, theHVAC system is able to track the human's movement using the wirelessremote climate sensors. The HVAC system may adjust airflow to differentportions of the enclosed space based on the human's location. The resultis an efficient use of system resources to keep users at their idealtemperature.

Certain embodiments may include none, some, or all of the abovetechnical advantages. One or more other technical advantages may bereadily apparent to one skilled in the art from the figures,descriptions, and claims included herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, referenceis now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a residential HVAC system incorporating a networkof wireless sensors;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a wireless HVAC sensor;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating how the system illustrated in FIG. 1can be used to maintain an indoor climate;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of example methods for maintaining an indoorclimate using the system illustrated in FIG. 3 ;

FIG. 5 is an example of the system illustrated in FIG. 1 that can createpersonalized microclimates;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of example methods for creating personalizedmicroclimates using the system illustrated in FIG. 5 ;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the integration of digital personalassistants with the system illustrated in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the service bridge functionality of thesystem illustrated in FIG. 1 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure and its advantages are bestunderstood by referring to FIGS. 1 through 8 of the drawings, likenumerals being used for like and corresponding parts of the variousdrawings.

As described above, previous HVAC systems lacked the ability toaccurately map temperatures across an enclosed space. The presentdisclosure details a climate sensor designed for installation withexisting HVAC systems using a smart thermostat. These sensors form awireless network that can provide an accurate climate map throughout theenclosed space. The disclosed HVAC system can leverage this network ofsensors to make improved allocations of HVAC resources and eliminate hotand cool spots in the enclosed space. A further advantage of the sensornetwork is that the disclosed HVAC system can track users throughdifferent zones of the enclosed space and create a microclimate in theoccupied zone while conserving system resources in the unoccupied zonesof the enclosed space.

HVAC Sensor Network

FIG. 1 shows an example of a home employing remote sensor network 100 tocontrol the temperature and humidity inside a building. Sensor network100 is comprised of HVAC system 102, located on the first floor of thepictured building, and HVAC system 104, located on the second floor ofthe pictured building. Systems 102 and 104 are linked to HVAC hardware106 by air ducts 108. HVAC hardware 106 conditions air for delivery to aconditioned space. The conditioned space may be, for example, a room, ahouse, an office building, a warehouse, or the like. In someembodiments, the HVAC hardware 106 is a rooftop unit (RTU) that ispositioned on the roof of a building and the conditioned air isdelivered to the interior of the building. In other embodiments,portion(s) of the system may be located within the building andportion(s) outside the building.

Generally, HVAC hardware 106 includes furnace 110, heat exchanger(s)112, evaporator(s) 114, condensing unit(s) 116, and working-fluidconduit(s) 118. Furnace 110 heats up heat exchanger(s) 112. In turn,heat exchanger(s) 112 warm air before it enters air ducts 108 and isdelivered to HVAC systems 102 and 104. Furnace 110 may use any of anumber of heat sources. For example, furnace 110 might burn natural gas,propane, oil, or any other combustible compound. Alternatively, furnace110 might use electric resistance or geo-thermal heat.

An evaporator 114 is generally any heat exchanger configured to provideheat transfer between air flowing through (or across) the evaporator 114(i.e., air contacting an outer surface of one or more coils of theevaporator 114) and working fluid passing through the interior of theevaporator 114. The evaporator 114 may include one or more circuits.Working fluid generally flows from an evaporator 114 to a condensingunit 116 through fluid conduit 118. A portion of the HVAC hardware 106is configured to move air across an evaporator 114 and into the airducts 108 as conditioned airflow.

Working-fluid conduit 118 facilitates the movement of a working fluid(e.g., a refrigerant) through a cooling cycle. The working fluid may beany acceptable working fluid including, but not limited to,fluorocarbons (e.g. chlorofluorocarbons), ammonia, non-halogenatedhydrocarbons (e.g. propane), hydroflurocarbons (e.g. R-410A), or anyother suitable type of refrigerant.

A condensing unit 116 is generally comprised of a compressor, acondenser, and a fan. In some embodiments, a condensing unit 116 is anoutdoor unit while other components of HVAC hardware 106 may be locatedindoors. The condensing unit 116 is configured to facilitate movement ofthe working fluid through the working-fluid conduit 118. The condenseris generally located downstream of the compressor and is configured toremove heat from the working fluid. The fan is configured to move airacross the condenser. For example, the fan may be configured to blowoutside air through the condenser to help cool the working fluid flowingtherethrough.

The compressed, cooled working fluid flows from the condenser toward anexpansion device. The expansion device is coupled to the working-fluidconduit 118 downstream of the condenser and is configured to removepressure from the working fluid. In this way, the working fluid isdelivered to an evaporator 114 and receives heat from airflow to producea conditioned airflow that is delivered by air ducts 108 to theconditioned space of HVAC systems 102 and 104. The HVAC hardware 106 mayinclude additional components or may omit one or more components shownin FIG. 1 .

Air ducts 108 are distributed throughout the building and use variabledampers 120 as outlets into the building. Variable dampers 120 arevalves used to control air flow out of air ducts 108. Dampers 120 maycomprise a single flap that can rotate about the centerline of the flap.In the closed position, the single flap completely obstructs the flow ofair out of a variable damper 120. As the flap is rotated about itscenterline, airflow increases through variable damper 120 until the flapreaches the fully open position. The flap can rotate up to 180 degreesfrom its initial closed position. This allows variable damper 120 tovary the direction in which the airflow is directed as well as the rateof air flow. Alternatively, variable dampers 120 may comprise severalrotatable blades instead of a single flap. In the closed position, theblades meet edge-to-edge to completely obstruct the flow of air out ofvariable damper 120. Rotation of the blades increases airflow out ofvariable damper 120. Rotation of the blades in one direction or theother can be used to change the direction of airflow.

In the present disclosure, any mention of opening or closing a damperdoes not necessarily mean placing the damper in the fully closed orfully open positions. Opening or closing the damper refers to the act ofincreasing the degree to which the flap or blades have moved toward thefully open or fully closed positions.

Movement of the flap or blades in a variable damper 120 is performed bya motor. Each variable damper 120 also includes a temperature andhumidity sensor. An integrated radio allows variable dampers 120 towirelessly communicate with a control unit 124, which is described indetail below. Control unit 124 wirelessly controls the motor in damper120 to alter the position of the flap or blades. The temperature andhumidity data collected at variable damper 120 is wirelessly transmittedto control unit 124.

In addition to variable dampers 120, HVAC systems 102 and 104 includewireless climate sensors 122 and control units 124. Climate sensors 122collect temperature and humidity data. The climate sensors 122 can beinstalled throughout an enclosed space to provide accurate climate dataacross various portions of the enclosed space. The climate sensors 122are designed so that they may be installed in pre-existing wall boxes.For example, a climate sensor 122 may be installed in an electricaloutlet box in place of a standard electrical outlet. Alternatively, aclimate sensor 122 may be installed in a light switch box in place of astandard light switch. The climate sensors 122 can wirelesslycommunicate with the variable dampers 120 and the control unit 124.Variable dampers 120, climate sensors 122, and control unit 124 maycommunicate with a variety of wireless protocols. For example, theelements in a single HVAC system may communicate using Bluetooth orWi-Fi. The structure and function of climate sensor 122 is discussed inmore detail below with respect to FIG. 2 .

HVAC systems 102 and 104 include separate control units 124. The controlunit 124 in HVAC system 102 controls the temperature and airflow throughHVAC system 102 while the control unit 124 pictured in HVAC system 104controls the temperature and airflow through HVAC system 104. While theexample in FIG. 1 shows each HVAC system restricted to a single floor ofa building, alternate embodiments might use a single control unit 124 tocontrol variable dampers 120 and to interface with climate sensors 122that are distributed across multiple levels of a building or otherenclosed space.

One example of a control unit 124 is a smart thermostat. Smartthermostats are thermostats with wireless networking capabilities. Forexample, control unit 124 may connect to the internet using Wi-Fi andwith other devices using Bluetooth. Alternative protocols utilizingradio or optical frequencies can also be employed. Control unit 124additionally includes a memory for storing climate profiles and otheruser settings. Control unit 124 may also access a cloud database forstoring climate profiles and user settings.

User settings stored at control unit 124 include a desired temperature.The user settings may also include timers for changing the temperaturefrom a first desired temperature to a second desired temperature. Tofactor in the effect of humidity on how a temperature feels to a human,the user settings may include a “feels like” temperature. This “feelslike” temperature is represented as ET in the following equation:ET=T₀+w*i_(m)*LR*(P_(a)−RH_(s)*P_(ETs)). The symbols in the “feels like”equation assume the values listed in the tables below.

Symbol Description Units T_(ID) Indoor Ambient (sensor or ° F.anticipated value) RH Relative Humidity Unitless-% T_(OD) OutdoorAmbient ° F. X Insulation Quality Ratio Unitless

Symbol Description Value Units LR Lewis Ratio 205    ° F./PSI RH_(s)Standard RH 0.45 ° F. x Insulation Ratio Poor: 0.08 Unitless (Userselectable) Average: 0.04 Good: 0.02 i_(m) Clothing Min: 0.37 Unitlessinsulation Max: 0.45 permeation efficiency Linearly interpolated basedon OD temp, clamped to min at low OD ambient (30° F.), and clamped tomax value at high OD amb (90°) w_(s) Standard Skin 0.1  Unitlesswittedness T_(o) Operative (T_(ID) + T_(r))/2 ° F. Temperature P_(a)Ambient Vapor RH*P_(as) PSI Pressure P_(as) Ambient Saturated6.11*10{circumflex over ( )}[(7.5* T_(ID))/(237.7 + PSI Vapor PressureT_(ID))]*0.02953*0.491154 Note that for this calculation, T_(ID) is in °C. P_(ETs) Saturated Vapor 6.11*10{circumflex over ( )}[(7.5*ET)/(237.7 + PSI Pressure at ET ET)]*0.02953*0.491154 Note that for thiscalculation, ET is in ° C. T_(r) Radiant T_(ID) + x*(T_(OD) − T_(ID)) °F. Temperature w Skin Wettedness Unitless

Since P_(ETs) (saturated vapor pressure at the ET) is not known untilthe ET is calculated, it is appropriate to use a first guess of 0.5,then calculate the ET, and re-calculate the P_(ETs). This is donerepeatedly until the successive calculations of ET converge to the thirddecimal place.

In addition to user settings, control unit 124 may store climateprofiles 126. Climate profiles 126 allow each potential user to saveclimate settings that can be applied when that user is present. Eachclimate profile 126 includes at least one user identifier 128. Forexample, the user identifier 128 might be biometric data, such theuser's face, voice, retina, or fingerprint. The user identifier 128 mayinclude a list of wireless devices associated with the user. Eachclimate profile includes that user's preferred temperature setting 130.Climate profiles 126 also contain a preemption value 132 to be used whencontrol unit 124 applies an arbitration logic 134 in the scenario wheremore than one user with a climate profile 126 is detected in a zone. Thepreemption value 132 may be any value equal to or greater than one. Itis possible that multiple climate profiles 126 have the same preemptionvalue 132.

The arbitration logic 134 is a setting stored in control unit 124 thatmay be changed by a user with administrative privileges. The arbitrationlogic 134 is a set of rules for control unit 124 to apply when itdetects multiple users with climate profiles 126. For example, thearbitration logic 134 might be a rule that the climate profile 126retrieved by control unit 124 with the lowest preemption value 132 willalways have its settings applied regardless of any other occupants whomay have a climate profile 126. Numerous different arbitration rules maybe programmed to suit the needs of the users. Additional explanation ofhow an arbitration logic 134 operates is provided below with respect toFIGS. 5 and 6 .

Control unit 124 is configured to receive user input in several ways. Auser can alter settings in control unit 124 by interacting with a touchscreen or with physical control buttons on the control unit 124. A usercan also remotely change settings in control unit 124 though a mobileweb application. Additional detail about the function of control unit124 is provided below in the discussion related to FIGS. 3-6 .

Wireless Remote Indoor Sensor

FIG. 2 shows an example of the wireless climate sensors 122 depicted inFIG. 1 . Climate sensor 122 includes one or more processors 202, amemory 204, and a wireless interface 206. Processor 202 is configured tooperate microphone 208, camera 210, environmental data collector 212,speakers 220, face plate 222, and button panel 224. Wireless climatesensors 122 are designed for installation into existing wall boxes, suchas a power outlet box or a light switch box. This allows the wirelessclimate sensor 122 to tie into existing power electrical lines throughpower junction 226.

The one or more processors 202 are configured to process data and may beimplemented in hardware or software. For example, the processors 202 maybe 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit or of any other suitable architecture.The processors 202 may include an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) forperforming arithmetic and logic operations, processor registers thatsupply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU operations, anda control unit that fetches instructions from memory and executes themby directing the coordinated operations of the ALU, registers and othercomponents.

Memory 204 represents any suitable combination of hardware and softwareconfigured to store data. The components of memory 204 may comprisevolatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. A volatile memory medium mayinclude volatile storage. For example, the volatile storage may includerandom access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM),and/or extended data out RAM (EDO RAM), among others. In one or moreembodiments, a non-volatile memory may include non-volatile storage. Forexample, the non-volatile storage may include read only memory (ROM),programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasablePROM (EEPROM), a magnetic storage medium (e.g., a hard drive, a floppydisk, a magnetic tape, etc.), ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), flash memory, asolid state drive (SSD), non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), a one-timeprogrammable (OTP) memory, and/or optical storage (e.g., a compact disc(CD), a digital versatile disc (DVD), a BLU-RAY disc (BD), etc.), amongothers. The term “memory medium” may mean a “memory device,” a “memory,”a “storage device,” a “tangible computer readable storage medium,”and/or a “computer-readable medium.”

Memory 204 is generally configured to temporarily store data receivedfrom microphone 208, camera 210, environmental data collector 212, andspeakers 220. Memory 204 also stores instructions, executable onprocessor 202, for operating microphone 208, camera 210, environmentaldata collector 212, speakers 220, face plate 222, and button panel 224.This includes a voice digitizer and video processing firmware. Memory204 may also store various programs such as facial recognition software.

Wireless interface 206 allows climate sensor 122 to wirelessly send andreceive data with other devices, including variable dampers 120 andcontrol units 124. Wireless interface 206 further allows the climatesensor 122 to join a wireless internet network. Wireless interface 206may use any suitable wireless or optical communication protocol,including Bluetooth, ZigBee, an 802.11 standard, or any otherappropriate protocol.

Environmental data collector 212 is a sensor array that includes atemperature sensor 214 and a humidity sensor 216. The humidity sensor216 may be any type of hygrometer including any capacitive, resistive,thermal, gravimetric or any other suitable hygrometer. The temperaturesensor 214 may be any sensor operable to measure the temperature of anenvironment, including, for example an electronic thermometer. Alternateembodiments of environmental data collector 212 also includes a gasdetector 218. The gas detector 218 may be any sensor suitable fordetecting the presence and concentration of a gas. For example, thesensor may be a combustible gas sensor, a photoionization detector, aninfrared point sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an electrochemical gassensor, or a semiconductor sensor. The gas detector 218 can measure thepresence of gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane.

In one embodiment face plate 222 is a device operable to displayinformation and receive user input. For example, face plate 222 may be atouch screen with a liquid crystal or OLED display. The touch screen maybe any variety of touch screen, including, for example resistive touch,surface capacitive, projected capacitive, surface acoustic wave touch,or infrared touch. In certain embodiments, touch screen installed asface plate 222 is used to operate a light. When wireless climate sensor122 is installed in a pre-existing light switch box, wireless climatesensor 122 may serve as an electronic switch. The light wiring isremoved from the previous light switch and installed at power junction226. A physical switch can be depicted on the screen and wirelessclimate sensor 122 will alter the lighting based on manipulation of theswitch depicted on the screen. Alternatively, the touch screen mayrespond to hand gestures for adjusting power to the light regardless ofwhat is depicted on touch screen.

Because wireless climate sensor 122 is also designed to fit in wallboxes other than light switch boxes, face plate 222 may be replaced withone of several functional or decorative faceplates. For example, a solidfaceplate may be used to minimize the appearance of wireless climatesensor 122. In an alternate embodiment, face plate 222 may includeelectrical outlet sockets.

Additional details about the function of microphone 208, camera 210,speakers 220, and button 224 are included below in the discussions ofFIGS. 3-8 .

Management of an HVAC System with a Wireless Remote Indoor SensorNetwork

FIG. 3 is an embodiment of the HVAC system 102 depicted in FIG. 1 . Somevariable dampers 120 and climate sensors 122 are individually numberedto better illustrate how HVAC system 102 operates. Other aspects of HVACsystem 102 were omitted for simplicity. Each HVAC system may be dividedinto a plurality of zones. Each zone is associated with a variabledamper 120. In FIG. 3 , climate sensors 302 and 304 wireless communicatewith variable damper 306 to form a first climate zone. Climate sensors308 and 310 wirelessly communicate with variable damper 312 to form asecond climate zone. Climate sensors 314, 316, and 318 wirelesslycommunicate with variable damper 320 to form a third climate zone.Variable dampers 306, 312, and 320 are in wireless communication withcontrol unit 124. Alternately, the climate sensors 302, 304, 308, 310,314, 316, and 318 may communicate directly with control unit 124 and belinked to a zone at the control unit. For example, a user might pairclimate sensors 314, 316, and 318 with control unit 124 and edit thezone settings at the control unit 124 to associate climate sensors 314,316, and 318 with the third climate zone (variable damper 320).

FIG. 4 provides a flowchart for a method 400 of operating an HVAC systembased on input from a network of wireless climate sensors as depicted inFIG. 3 . At step 402 the climate sensors in HVAC system 102 collect dataon the climate of their location, including a temperature and a humiditymeasurement. Thus, the pictured climate sensors 302, 304, 308, 310, 314,316, and 318 each take a temperature and humidity measurement. Variabledampers, such as the depicted variable dampers 306, 312, and 320,likewise collect temperature and humidity measurements. At step 404, thecollected climate data is sent to control unit 124. This may occur in atleast two ways. First, the climate sensors may wirelessly transmit theircollected climate data to their associated variable damper. For example,referring to the third zone (variable damper 320), climate sensors 314,316, and 318 send their climate data to variable damper 320. Variabledamper then wirelessly transmits the data received from climate sensors314, 316, and 318 along with the temperature and humidity measurementscollected by variable damper 320 to control unit 124. Alternatively,climate sensors 314, 316, and 318 may wirelessly transmit their climatedata directly to control unit 124 while variable damper 320 wirelesslytransmits the temperature and humidity measurements that it collects.

At step 406 the control unit 124 determines whether the HVAC system 102is set to heat or cool. To illustrate, consider a scenario where theHVAC system 102 is set to cool. Now the control unit 124 proceeds tostep 408 where it retrieves the user settings and compares it to theclimate data received from the climate sensors and variable dampers. Inthis example the user setting in control unit 124 is an ambienttemperature of 70° F. The temperature measurements received from climatesensors from the first climate zone (climate sensor 302, climate sensor304, and variable damper 306) are 71° F., from the second climate zone(climate sensor 308, climate sensor 310, and variable damper 312) are68° F., and from the third climate zone (climate sensor 314, climatesensor 316, climate sensor 318, and variable damper 320) are 73° F.Control unit 124 determines that climate zones one and three exceed theuser settings and that climate zone two is below the user settings.Because the temperature measurements from climate zones one and threeexceed the user settings, control unit 124 advances to step 410 andincreases the airflow to zones one and three. Control unit 124accomplishes this by wirelessly transmitting instructions to variabledampers 306 and 320 to increase the degree to which the damper is open.Because the temperature in zone three is greater than the temperature inzone one, variable damper 320 is ordered to open to a greater degreethan variable damper 306. Because the temperature measurements fromclimate zone two fall below the user settings, control unit 124 advancesto step 412 and decreases the airflow to zone two. Control unit 124accomplishes this by wirelessly transmitting instructions to variabledamper 312.

While the previous example addressed how method 400 operates when atemperature imbalance arises between the user settings and the differentclimate zones, alternate scenarios may arise where the various climatesensors in a climate zone do not return the same temperaturemeasurement. This indicates an uneven heat map across the localizedclimate zone. To illustrate, assume that the user setting fortemperature is 68° F. and the HVAC system 102 is set to heat. Thisexample will focus on climate zone three (climate sensor 314, climatesensor 316, climate sensor 318, and variable damper 320) for the sake ofsimplicity. At step 402 climate sensors 314 and 316 measure thetemperature as 70° F. Climate sensor 318 measures the temperature as 67°F. Variable damper 320 measures the temperature as 68° F. At step 404,the collected climate data is sent to control unit 124 as described inthe previous example. Control unit 124 determines that HVAC system 102is set to heat. Proceeding to step 414, control unit 124 and comparesthe sensor measurements to the user setting of 68° F. Because climatesensors 314 and 316 measured the temperature as greater than the usersetting, control unit 124 proceeds to step 416 to decrease the air flowto the locations of climate sensors 314 and 316. Because climate sensor318 measured the temperature as less than the user setting, control unit124 proceeds to step 418 to increase airflow to the location of climatesensor 318. This example deviates from the previous example in thatcontrol unit 124 must instruct variable damper 320 to do more than justincrease the opening of the damper. Control unit 124 must also instructvariable damper 320 on which direction to rotate the damper opening sothat the flow of air is increased in the direction of climate sensor 318while the flow of air is decreased to climate sensors 314 and 316.

Personalized Microclimates

FIG. 5 is an embodiment of the HVAC system 102 depicted in FIG. 1 thatillustrates how wireless devices associated with particular users may beused to create personalized microclimates. A microclimate is atemperature and humidity setting that may be applied as users movebetween zones. For clarity, each variable damper 120 is renumbered toshow the individual zones in HVAC system 102. Each of variable dampers502, 504, 506, 508, 510, 512, and 514 has at least one wireless climatesensor 122 paired to that damper to form a zone. Reference to a variabledamper should be understood to encompass that zone.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method 600 for creating personalizedmicroclimates in HVAC systems like HVAC system 102 depicted in FIG. 5 .Starting at step 602, the HVAC system 102 detects the presence of anoccupant or occupants in a zone. Detection may occur in several ways. InFIG. 5 , identification is based on a wireless device, the picturedsmart watches 516 and 518. The climate sensors 122 associated with zone514 periodically search for Bluetooth capable devices. They detect smartwatches 516 and 518. Proceeding to step 604 the wireless climate sensorsand variable damper of zone 514 send a device ID for the smart watches516 and 518 to control unit 124. Control unit 124 then determineswhether the device ID of either smart watch 516 or 518 matches a devicelisted as a user identifier in a climate profile stored in control unit124.

While the user device in FIG. 5 is a smart watch, this method also workswith other wireless devices such as mobile phones, tablets, andcomputers. The design of wireless climate sensor 122 also permitsseveral other methods of detecting occupants that have a climateprofile. For example, camera 210 captures images of humans in thevicinity and facial recognition software loaded to memory 204 andexecuted on processor 202 may identify the humans. Camera 210 may alsofunction as a retinal scanner. In another embodiment microphone 208monitors the audio conditions in the vicinity and uses voice recognitionsoftware loaded to memory 204 and executed on processor 202 to collect avoice signature that may be compared to a voice signature stored as auser identifier in a climate profile. In yet another embodiment thefaceplate 222 is a touchscreen that is configured to scan portions of ahand or finger. Environmental data collector 212 may be used to detectthe presence of occupants by measuring the carbon dioxide levels in azone. When the carbon dioxide level exceeds a baseline value, wirelessclimate sensor 122 determines that humans or other animals are in thevicinity.

Returning to the example in FIG. 5 , control unit 124 determines thatthat there is a match between the device IDs of smart watches 516 and518 and at least one climate profile. Control unit 124 proceeds to step610 where it further determines that smart watches 516 and 518 arelisted in a first and a second climate profile, respectively. Controlunit 124 then advances to step 612 where it must arbitrate between thefirst climate profile and the second climate profile to decide whichsettings to apply to zone 514. Control unit 124 first checks thearbitration logic settings. In this example the system administrator hasestablished a rule that control unit 124 must find the average of thebetween the climate settings of the detected climate profiles. This setof averaged values is treated as if it was the dominant profile. In thisexample, assume that the first climate profile includes a preferredtemperature of 71° F. and that the second climate profile includes apreferred temperature of 73° F. Applying the prescribed arbitrationlogic, control unit 124 determines that the appropriate temperature toapply in zone 514 is 72° F., the average of the preferred temperaturesof the first and second climate profiles.

This process is straightforward when only a single profile is detectedin a zone. The climate settings in that profile will apply. There may bescenarios where humans are detected in a zone but control unit 124 doesnot find an associated climate profile. For example, a climate sensor122 might detect a new Bluetooth capable device, indicating that someoneentered the zone, but when the control unit 124 receives the device IDfor this new Bluetooth capable device the control unit 124 does not finda match with any of the device IDs listed in the climate profiles.Control unit 124 will retrieve a set of default climate settings toapply in cases like this where an occupant enters a zone but cannot beidentified.

Returning to the example of FIG. 5 , control unit 124 proceeds to step618 and determines whether HVAC system 102 is set to heat or cool. Inthis example, it determines that HVAC system 102 is set to cool.Proceeding to step 620, the control unit 124 then determines whether thetemperature of zone 514 is greater than the applicable climate settingof 72° F. In this example, variable damper 514 and its associatedwireless climate sensors 122 detected a temperature of 74° F. Becausethe temperature of zone 514 is greater than the applicable climatesetting of 72° F., control unit 124 proceeds to step 622 and increasesthe airflow to zone 514. Control unit 124 causes an increase in airflowto the zone in question in the same manner as described in FIGS. 3 and 4.

While this example assumed that the climate sensors in zone 514 measureda consistent 74° F. across the zone, there will be cases in which thereis a temperature gradient across the zone. The methods discussed in FIG.4 for correcting temperature imbalances when within a zone are equallyapplicable in the context of creating personalized microclimates.

An alternate embodiment of the HVAC system 102 pictured in FIG. 5 makesHVAC control decisions based on biometric measures rather than climateprofiles. For example, HVAC system 102 can take advantage of the abilityof a smart watch 516 to measure a user's heart rate. When a user's heartrate, as detected by smart watch 516, exceeds at least fifty percent ofthe user's maximum heart rate, the smart watch 516 may send a signal tocontrol unit 124 that the user of smart watch 516 is likely engaged inmoderate to vigorous physical activity. Control unit 124 then determinesthat it needs to increase airflow to the location of the user of smartwatch 516. In this embodiment, control unit 124 would instruct variabledamper 514 to increase airflow. The design of the wireless climatesensors makes it possible to practice this embodiment even if the usersdo not have wearable devices that can collect biometric measurements andwirelessly transmit them to the control unit 124. For example,environmental data collector 212 may measure the carbon dioxide contentof a room. A spike in carbon dioxide concentration may indicate that anoccupant is engaged in vigorous physical activity or that new occupantshave entered the zone. When the carbon dioxide measurement data sent tocontrol unit 124 indicates such a spike in carbon dioxide in a zone,control unit 124 will determine that it should increase the airflow tothat zone.

Voice Applications for the Climate Sensors

FIG. 7 illustrates how a HVAC system incorporating a network of wirelessclimate sensors can expand the use of voice control across numeroussmart devices and digital personal assistants. System 700 includesclimate sensor 122 control unit 124 which are in signal communicationover wireless link 706. Some reference will be made to the details ofclimate sensor 122 that are detailed in FIG. 2 . Wireless link 706includes any of the wireless data transmission methods discussed withrespect to FIG. 2 . Control unit 124 is also in signal communicationwith smart device 708 using a wireless link 706. This wireless link 706may be of the same protocol as the wireless link between climate sensor122 and control unit 124 or it may be another wireless protocol. Smartdevice 708 may include one or more electronic device that is configuredto receive voice commands, including virtual assistants, smarttelevisions, and other appliances that respond to voice control.

When someone speaks, climate sensor 122 picks up the voice signal usingmicrophone 208. Voice digitizer module 702 converts the voice into adigital signal and transfers it to transmission module 704 whichpacketizes and sends the digital voice signal over wireless link 706,for example using Wi-Fi, to control unit 124. Control unit 124 relaysthe digital voice signal to smart device 708. Smart device 708 receivesthe digital voice signal and executes the instructions.

The previous example of system 700 requires depends on smart device 708being able to receive digital commands in place of audible commands. Analternate embodiment of system 700 avoids potential incompatibilityissues by leveraging the climate sensor network as an intercom system.The initial steps of voice detection by a climate sensor 122 andprocessing of the signal are the same. This alternate embodimentdeviates from the previous example following the receipt of the digitalvoice signal at control unit 124. Instead of sending the signal directlyto the smart device 708, control unit 124 analyzes the voice signal todetermine which climate sensor is nearest to the destination smartdevice 708. Control unit 124 then transmits the digital voice signal tothat climate sensor 122 using a wireless link 706 such as Wi-Fi. Thedestination climate sensor 122 receives the digital voice signal,converts the signal to analog using a DAC module, and emits the analogsignal through speaker 220. The audio signal emitted from speaker 220reaches the smart device 708 as if the user was speaking near the smartdevice 708.

Bridge for Integrating HVAC services with Home Automation Platforms

FIG. 8 illustrates how a HVAC system incorporating a network of wirelessclimate sensors can serve as bridge for integrating disparate homeautomation systems. Current systems require that any accessories tryingto communicate with a home automation system send the requests in thenative language of the home automation system. This makes it difficultto integrate devices designed for different platforms.

System 800 is centered around wireless bridge 802. Wireless bridge 802is the network formed by a plurality of wireless climate sensors 122 anda control unit 124. Details on the structure and function of climatesensors 122 and control unit 124 may be found in the discussion of FIGS.1-2 . In system 800 the control unit 124 is further configured with atranslation module, stored in memory 204 and executable on processor202, capable of converting between proprietary home automationprotocols. Wireless bridge 802 is in signal communication with clouddatabase 804 and home automation system 806 through wireless link 808. Awireless link 808 also allows control unit 124 to communicate with afirst virtual assistant device 810, a second virtual assistant device811, and second home automation system 814. Wireless link 800 is anysuitable wireless protocol, including Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.

Cloud database 804 is a remote operating system for an HVAC system. Homeautomation systems 806 and 814 comprise at least one control devicepaired with at least one home appliance. For example, home automationsystem 806 may comprise a mobile control application on a smartphonethat controls the operation of lights and ceiling fans in a house. Homeautomation system 814 comprises a mobile control application on asmartphone that controls televisions and audio appliances in the house.The controllers for home automation systems 806 and 814 are notinteroperable.

Virtual assistant devices 810 and 812 are likewise incapable ofoperating together. Each virtual assistant device 810 and 812 is asoftware agent embedded in the operating system of a smart device thatcan perform tasks based on audible commands or questions. Virtualassistant device 810 can control other smart devices using the sameoperating system as virtual assistant device 810, and virtual assistantdevice 812 can control other smart devices using the same operatingsystem as virtual assistant device 812.

Users can harmonize these disparate home automation systems and virtualassistant devices using wireless bridge 802. For example, a userprovides a command to a virtual assistant device 810. Virtual assistantdevice 810 transmits instructions for carrying out the command tocontrol unit 124 of wireless bridge 802. Control unit 802 determineswhich that the appliance to which the command applies is controlled byhome automation system 814. Control unit 124 then translates the commandfrom the protocol used by virtual assistant 810 to that of homeautomation system 814. Control unit then sends the translated command tohome automation system 814. The command may be sent directly to homeautomation system 814, or in the case where home automation system 814can only send and receive wireless signals from short range, controlunit 814 may identify which of the climate sensors 122 is nearest thehome automation system 814 and use that climate sensor 122 to relay thecommand to home automation system 814.

Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the methodsdescribed herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Themethods may include more, fewer, or other steps. Additionally, steps maybe performed in any suitable order.

Although this disclosure has been described in terms of certainembodiments, alterations and permutations of the embodiments will beapparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the above descriptionof the embodiments does not constrain this disclosure. Other changes,substitutions, and alterations are possible without departing from thespirit and scope of this disclosure.

While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure,it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods might beembodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spiritor scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to beconsidered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is notto be limited to the details given herein. For example, the variouselements or components may be combined or integrated in another systemor certain features may be omitted, or not implemented.

In addition, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described andillustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may becombined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, ormethods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.Other items shown or discussed as coupled or directly coupled orcommunicating with each other may be indirectly coupled or communicatingthrough some interface, device, or intermediate component whetherelectrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes,substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in theart and could be made without departing from the spirit and scopedisclosed herein.

To aid the Patent Office, and any readers of any patent issued on thisapplication in interpreting the claims appended hereto, applicants notethat they do not intend any of the appended claims to invoke 35 U.S.C. §122(f) as it exists on the date of filing hereof unless the words “meansfor” or “step for” are explicitly used in the particular claim.

What is claimed:
 1. A method for establishing a personalizedmicroclimate in an enclosed space, the method comprising: storing aplurality of climate profiles and an arbitration logic comprising a setof rules for application when there is detection of more than one humanin a first zone of the enclosed space, wherein each climate profilecomprises a desired temperature, a desired humidity, and at least oneuser identifier; storing a first preemption value associated with afirst climate profile and a second preemption value associated with asecond climate profile; applying the arbitration logic to determineoperation of a first variable damper located in the first zone based, atleast in part, on a comparison of the first preemption value to thesecond preemption value; receiving, from a first wireless remote sensor,an identification of a human located in the first zone; matching theidentification of the human in the first zone with a first useridentifier in first a climate profile; comparing a desired temperaturesaved in the first climate profile with a temperature measurementreceived from a wireless remote sensor located in the first zone; andinstructing the first variable damper to alter the flow of air into thefirst zone if the temperature and humidity measurements from the firstzone differ from the desired temperature saved in the first climateprofile.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising instructing asecond variable damper to decrease the flow of air into a second zone ofthe enclosed space if the first variable damper is instructed toincrease the flow of air into the first zone.
 3. The method of claim 1,further comprising: receiving, from the first wireless remote sensor, anidentification of a second human located in the first zone of theenclosed space; matching the identification of the second human in thefirst zone with a second user identifier in a second climate profile;and applying an arbitration logic to determine that the desiredtemperature and desired humidity in the second climate profile should beignored.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining thatthe identification of the human in the first zone does not match a firstuser identifier in first a climate profile retrieving a default climateprofile comprising a desired temperature and a desired humidity to applywhen the human is unidentified; and instructing the first variabledamper to alter the flow of air into the first zone if the temperatureand humidity measurements from the first zone differ from the desiredclimate settings in the default climate profile.
 5. The method of claim1, wherein the identification of the human located in the first zone ofthe enclosed space comprises an image of the human captured in the firstzone.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the identification of the humanlocated in the first zone of the enclosed space comprises a voice sampleof the human captured in the first zone.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein the identification of the human located in the first zone of theenclosed space comprises the detection of a Bluetooth enabled smartdevice associated with the human.